Teen Health

Archive for the ‘Teen Health’ Category

According to a survey Seven hundred and fifty thousand teen girls get pregnant each year and thirty one percent young women get pregnant before 20. The birthrate for young teenagers aged 15-17 fell 8 percent from 2000 to 2001, reaching 25.3 births per 1,000 teenagers. So teen’s pregnancy is one of the major problems. This is the one problem when teens did not decide what to do. They could not talk to their parents.

One of the main causes of teen’s pregnancy is that they can’t have full knowledge about sex. They do not have safe sex, and get pregnant.

The evidence documenting the unfavorable consequences of unintended teenage pregnancy and teenage parenthood. There is an unmistakable and dramatic trend away from teenagers giving their children up for adoption.

About 62 percent of sexually active teenagers who have never used a method have experienced a premarital pregnancy, compared to 30 percent of those who have used a method inconsistently

Symptoms There are many pregnancy early signs for teens.

A missed period

Nausea or vomiting

Frequent urination

Tenderness and fullness of breasts

Fatigue

Changes in appetite

Pregnancy Test There are so many kits available in the market to test yourself at home. If the test is positive then go to the doctor and get right treatment.

The solution must come from many elements of society: parents, the churches, the schools, state and local legislatures and government agencies. Very few come to a clinic in anticipation of initiating sexual intercourse, and many come because they fearoften correctlythat they are pregnant.

Working with boys and young men- This approach can be used to intervene in contraceptive use among teenagers. Because contraceptive action involves a preventive health decision followed by correct and consistent use.

Parents and Sex Education they communicate with their children about sex and sexual values nonverbally. This is also true when the subject is sex. Research shows that positive communication between parents and their children can help young people establish individual values and make healthy decisions. Some parents may be afraid they do not know the right answers or feel confused about the proper amount of information to offer.

The real smart move on your part is to take the help and don’t get pushed into doing something you can’t take back. So to reduce the problem of teen’s pregnancy parents are advice to talk to teens frankly on sex education, so the can not do something wrong in future.

For help go to following:

http://www.troubledteens4jesus.com/

http://www.abundantlifeacademy.info

http://www.abundantlifeacademy.us/

Troubled Teens Directory is the most honest and integral Internet-based educational consulting service available and designed to serve parents who are need of guidance in regard to their troubled teen and Restoring Troubled Teens is a Directory Listing of Schools and Articles specifically designed to support the parents of Troubled Teens.

Though, the age of women is enduring to decrease, as younger women look for to conclude pregnancies. Statistics are instructive that the average age of those receiving abortions is dropping from 19 to 17. Teen abortion facts also expose that though the teen pregnancy rate has declined in the United States over the last ten years, the percentages have really greater than before. Recent information are reporting that over 50% performed annually are on women under the age of twenty-five with the ages of eighteen and nineteen accounting for the highest number performed.

A disorder called Post Traumatic Stress is disease millions of teenagers who are not psychologically steady enough to survive with the trauma associated with an unplanned pregnancy, life-altering decisions, and the devastation of life. After the surgical procedure, guiltiness, shame, inconsistent behaviors, and substance abuse, even suicide, can be end result.

Pregnancy, birth, and abortion rates among teenagers in the United States have turn down over the past decade but at a standstill remain a widespread public health issue.

Reasons for the decline include increased motivation of adolescence to achieve higher levels of education, the availability of widespread sexuality education in schools, leading to immature people’s knowledge about contraception, more effective contraceptive use, and improved ability to discuss contraceptive practice; and greater community sustain for services related to both pregnancy and disease prevention among teenagers.

PREGNANCY

Although pregnancy rates among teenagers have steadily turned down in the past decade, the United States continues to have the highest teenager pregnancy rates among industrialized nations.

Each year in United States, 800,100 to 900,100 adolescents 19 years of age or younger become pregnant .The pregnancy rate for adolescents 13 to 19 years of age fell 19 percent from 116 per 1,000 in 1991 to 95.3 in 1997, reversing a 12 percent rise from 1986 to 1994.From 1995 to 1997, the pregnancy rate for 13- to 19-year-olds decreased in 41 of the 43 reported geographic areas for which age-specific data were available.

During 1995 to 1997, the pregnancy rate declined by 11.5 percent among females less than 15 years of age, by 10.8 percent among females 15 to 17 years of age, and by 5.9 percent among females 16 to 19 years of age .

For each year from 1995 to 1997, the pregnancy rate for females 15 to 19 years of age was approximately 2.6 times that of females 15 to 17 years of age, and the rate for females less than 15 years of age was approximately one ninth that of females 14 to 17 years of age. From 1995 to 1997, the national number of pregnancies among females 14 to 19 years of age declined by 3.3 percent. In 1996, the pregnancy rate for females 15 to 19 years of age in the United States was 83.8 per 1,000 compared to

PREGNANCY RISKS AND OUTCOMES

95 percent of adolescence believes that if they were occupied in a pregnancy they would stay in school; in reality, 72 percent eventually complete high school 74. 50 percent of adolescence thinks that if they were occupied in a pregnancy they would marry the mother/father; in actuality, 82 percent of teenage births are to unmarried teens75. 26 percent of adolescence thinks that they would need benefit to support a child; in reality 57 percent receive public support to cover the cost of delivery and 26 percent of teen mothers receive public support by their early twenties77. 32 percent of adolescence says they would believe an abortion; in reality, 52 percent of pregnancies to unmarried teens end in abortion.

Does your home appear like a battlefield every morning? Is your teen giving you sleepless nights? Parenting troubled teens is like doing overtime without being paid. Parents generally rule the house instead of teens, but nowadays the scene can be just the opposite. Often parents find it very hard to tackle their teenagers and sometimes this difficulty turns a child anti-social and it can affect their schooling. Parents have to play a dual role, a role of an understanding friend as well as mentor.

Teenagers generally lack motivation and can get depressed over the slightest issue, yet they are often unwilling to open up with their parents. If this is the case they should be taken for counselling. An out of control teen should not be pestered to speak up as it is natural for him or her to get annoyed. You should be patient with them, advising them instead of being too stern. Teenagers generally love to rebel, so you should handle them carefully.

Parents are not perfectionists and sometimes do lack parenting skills, hence don’t ever try to discipline your teens using anger as it triggers them off. Be patient with them and try and be a friend. We as parents should set some rules and values in our house and also follow it so that teens learn and follow too. Examine their behavior and then try to understand the reason. Teenagers often test authority, so be considerate with them and allow them to express themselves, but make it clear through example and explanation that there are boundaries.

If your teen is facing problems at school and has falling grades or is on the verge of getting expelled, then obviously the first thing would be to find the cause of it and identify measures to handle the issue. If you consider severe measures such as boarding school, boot camps or troubled teen programs, try and understand the situation well before adopting these drastic measures. Your child may be at fault or they may be the victim of bullying but feel unable to talk about it.

Teen depression needs to be treated quickly to avoid it leading to serious issues. It is essential that parents recognize the symptoms early because treatment is more successful with early involvement. Typical depression signs shown by teenagers are low energy levels, irritable nature, suicidal tendencies, indecisive nature, drop in social activities or sudden change in peer group. You should also be on the look-out for any sign of substance abuse. Talk to your family physician if you are concerned.

The article is for information only and the author accepts no liability for any action taken. All health problems should be discussed with your physician.

Teen depression comes in two forms. It can be a simple episode in which they are upset because of a break up. Or, it can come in a constant, heavy depression that can and does destroy lives. There are many things that you, as a parent can do to keep your child out of this condition. Teen depression is serious and should be handled in the right way.

What Are The Signs?

Knowing some of the signs of depression is necessary. All parents should keep a look out for these conditions.

Pulling away from the things that they used to love to do.

Not eating well. While they may eat normally, they may lose weight. Or, they may not be eating at all.

Not sleeping well. Waking up still tired is not okay.

Pulling away from friends and social situations. This is a key sign of teen depression. Teens are social creatures and need constant interaction. If they are not allowing it to happen, they may be depressed.

The blues that last. While everyone feels bad sometimes, teens with depression feel bad most of the time. You need to get them some help in these cases.

Teen depression that is serious can lead to additional problems. Teens that are depressed may be more likely to do drugs or drink alcohol. Teens in this situation are less likely to do well in school. They may retreat so much so into themselves that they may become ill or may attempt to harm themselves.

One of the scariest things about teen depression is how well they can hide it. Many teens will face bouts of depression, but those that have too many will hide it well from you. If this is the case, you may never realize how much trouble they are in until it is too later. Parenting a teen means; making it your business to know.

NEED AND CONTEXT

It has been observed that the recent economic growth in the Asian cities indicate that there has been a breakdown of traditional support systems such as the family because of rapid urbanization and modernization. Moreover, a large number of people are living below the poverty line in impoverished environment in urban and rural communities. Their acute needs for housing, food, health, education, and incomes are the very forces that push adolescents to look for a means of livelihood on the streets, engage in prostitution, be hooked up with crime/drug syndicates, or become victims of sexual and physical abuse. It is a battle of bare struggle for daily survival and contributes in every ways they can. Any measure to penalize parents of such children will only result in further abuse and oppression of people who are already disadvantaged. Such children struggle hard in getting the most essential requirements to meet the basic needs of life and such children need special attention and educational intervention. These disadvantaged adolescents are generally malnourished and often anemic; many of them physically stunted, suffer psychologically from undue family pressures and abuses and are neglected at home. They tend to develop low self-esteem from broken families, single-headed households because of the death, separation, or labor migration of one of their parents. Moreover, they live in slums and squatter communities, sub-human conditions and are susceptible to crime syndicates and gang conflicts, substance/drug abuse, and gambling.

In the developing and under developed countries like India and Thailand a large percentage of population live below the poverty line and adolescents from such environment face difficulties in getting access to good education. It is therefore felt that in both the surround adolescents are of in the process of development and failure to meet their developmental need have lend to safe and serial destructions behaviors. Adolescents lack necessary life skills for cape up in to the realities and challenges of life. Adolescents accords for the largest portion of the worldâ??s population and have been on an increasing trend and there are â??230 million Indian adolescent in the age of group of 4 to 19â? that (Population and Health IndoShare, 2006). Moreover, it is expected that this age group will continue to grow reaching over â??214 million by 2020â? (United Nations (UN) 2000) due to has traditionally been a male dominated society and has a strong son preference in most part of but Indian girls tend to be discriminated against by their families and also demographic trends indicate deep-rooted gender discrimination. In India, the condition of disadvantaged adolescents resembled that of their centers pail Thailand. Indian Young adolescents are facings serious problem of lack of access to reliable knowledge on the process of growing up reproductive health practices and value system. There has been a need to provide education on the developmental changes and needs during teenagers. This may reduce the risk of future.

Today, almost every Indian and Thai whether rich or poor, young or old, is exposed to much that is foreign, largely because in the last two decades India and Thailand has become one of the regionâ??s most popular tourists destinations. At times, the growing economy and favorable investment opportunities have also attracted many foreign multinationals, which continue to add to the already fair large expatriate community. However, despite the intensity of their exposure to â??foreignâ? influences, particularly western cultures and lifestyles, Indian and Thai culture remains a solid influence within family life and early childhood. From birth, Indian and Thai adolescents are still much more deeply immersed in culture than they are exposed to foreign influences despite the fast-paced changes that have been affecting Indian and Thai adolescents. The adolescents of deferred families are emotionally disturbed and driven adrift as wanderers, delinquent children with im-permissive behaviors such as loitering, gambling, drug addiction, crime, truancy, prostitution, and begging, illegal dealings. As the consequence of these adverse behaviors, cases of illegal pregnancy, baby abandonment, and HIV/AIDS infection are becoming more and more severe.

There also reported, â??Thai Children are spending more time in talking and chatting on the phone and the trendiest models of mobile phones, love hanging out with their friends at night, the drugs problem and the loss of Thai identity and shopping for brand name products. The latest fashion among the hobbies of many of todayâ??s Thai children is they are becoming increasingly violent and blaming society and their own families for their behavior and involve in premature sex, drugs and aggressivenessâ?. â??The study found that despite the well-to-do family backgrounds of the teens surveyed, most of them shared a common problem of loneliness, depressive tendencies and a need for loveâ?. The gap between parents and children is greater than ever before, arising from broken families or from families which faille to inculcate morals in their children because they havenless time for their children and had left them to the peril of sick and violent society in Thailand (Aphaluck Bhatiasevi, Thongbai Thongpao 2002), (Tong Thum Struggles, 2006)

With the best intention and efforts of the education as a social instrument, it is possible to promote the complete welfare of disadvantaged population. Among the several types of disadvantaged adolescents, Adolescents forced to enter the labour market, adolescents affected by HIV/AIDS and adolescents affected by narcotic drugs need special attention. They have trouble in getting proper guidance to overcome personal problems and require proper guidance and counseling to become aware of the ill effects narcotic drugs, labour market and HIV/AIDS. It may not be possible to develop awareness in the expected manner through normal school curriculums. Hence, a separate educational intervention, which is nothing but a planned programme of educational guidance, organized to meet the scientific and psychological needs of disadvantaged adolescents in the age group of 13-16. Hence, in this study, an attempt will be made to study the educational adjustment of disadvantaged adolescents and to find out the impact of a structured educational intervention programme in developing proper awareness and attitude towards reproductive health, drugs, sexuality and values.

The present study examined the impact of an educational intervention programme on the knowledge and attitude on disadvantaged adolescents in Northern India and Thailand. The study intends to assess and compare the knowledge about the process of growing up, HIV/AIDS awareness, values and attitude of teen-age students staying in the schools. Reproductive health education is a key strategy for promoting preventive measures among teenagers.

METHOS

The sample for the study consisted of 225 disadvantaged adolescents who included 125 adolescents from India (Chennai Himmat Slum area, Jammu region) and Thailand (Yong People Develop Chiang Mai and Teresa Anusorn Foundation (Ban Teresa) Chiang Rai, Province). The sample populations of disadvantaged adolescents are residents of orphanages and slum area and studying in high school classes in the age of groups from 13 to 16 years. Data was collected by administering knowledge test consisted of items on process of growing up HIV/AIDS, reproductive organs and their functions family planning and parenting and attitude scale to measure beliefs and practices about sexuality and abstinence. An experimental design consisted of experimental and control group was formed. Questionnaires were translated from English to Hindi and Thai, (mother tongue of the respondent), then back in to English to ensure that no meaning was lost in translation. There were use two groups of learner: both the groups were given Pre-Test as well as Post-Test, where experimental group were given intervention programme and control group was not be given any intervention programme.

Control group: – there were in two states: ten administrators conducted face-to-face interviews and Focus groups with disadvantaged adolescent in India and Thailand.

First state, in India country; 10 Indian administrators were called the Indian disadvantaged adolescents from there house at Slum area (Jammu), meeting for data collected were an adjustment questionnaire in each of person and groups by Hindi (mother tongue of the respondent).

Second state, in Thailand country: 125 questionnaires in Thai (mother tongue of the respondent) were administered to the Thai disadvantaged adolescent of two orphanages, I collected later the questionnaires.

Intervention / Treatment Programme

Experts: Facilitators who were willing to participate in the study were invited for receiving community sensitization, booklet distribution, and CD training;

Experimental group: 200 students (and also inmates) belonging to Channai Himmat, Slum area (Jammu, India), Teresa Anusorn Foundation (Ban Teresa), and Yong People Develop (Thailand) who had got least scores namely, were given one day training programme on intervention or treatment as;

In the morning: the orientation and participants programme concentrated on basic issues such as general framework of adolescent growth, and consisted of discussions and demonstrations. The training programme practiced the activities to develop the knowledge level and the attitude about HIV/AIDS, drug abuse and reproductive health education

In the afternoon until evening: the revised questionnaires were administered to the experimental group in 3 sessions as: (a) the personal details. (b) The knowledge level and attitude were administered to find out themselves and whenever they had doubt in understanding the items, the administrators made them easy by giving supplementary examples. In addition, (c) group discussed for preparation of suggestive measures to improve and policies.

Design of the study

An educational intervention programme consisting of awareness activities presented through media presentation, discussion and interaction was presented to the experimental group. Universals and multivariate analysis of the data were used to assess the impact of interventions and to identify the predictors of change in knowledge and attitude. Significant changes in terms of gain between pre-test and post-test was observed.

Analysis

The completed questionnaires were collated and entered into the computer. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS. After verification and reduction of data, descriptive frequencies were completed. This was followed by uni-variate and multi-variety procedures to assess the impact of the interventions and to identify other predictors of change in knowledge and attitude. Analysis was stratified by sex shown how responses to the variables of knowledge and attitude, differ boys, girls, age, and education. Descriptive statistics was used to profile the study population. Knowledge and attitude was then used to explore the demographic variables associated with HIV/AIDS, drug abused and reproductive Health Education. The following statistical techniques were applied in the present project: Paired Samples â??Tâ?-test and â??Fâ?-test.

FINDINGS

The demographic profile of the 250 Indian and Thai respondent questionnaires is shown the relationships between demographic characteristics of Indian and Thai were founds Indian boys (54.40%) less than Thai boys (56%), and Indian girls (45.60%) more than Thai girls (44%). In the same age group of Indian and Thai 15 years old, and the same of the secondary school of Indian: (Standard: 9) and Thai: (Grades 3), had significant .05 is shown in Table 1.

Answers were grouped in comparing scores from Indian and Thai disadvantage adolescent after received a treatment on knowledge and attitude about HIV/AIDS, drug abuse and reproductive health education, all participating (N= 200) were group interviewed and after the intervention had significant difference is (0.05), are shown in Table 2-16.

The findings also revealed significant differences between boys and girls in knowledge and attitude towards reproductive health education. Implications of the study for the awareness programmes were suggested.

DISCUSSION

In many Northern states of India and Thailand, the HIV/AIDS, drug abuse and reproductive health needs of Indian and Thai disadvantaged adolescents are either poorly understood or not fully appreciated. Evidence is growing that this neglect can seriously jeopardize the HIV/AIDS, drug abuse and reproductive health education needs and future well-being of them.

The policies addressed the effectiveness of the programmed to highlights what there needs to be done to promote and protect to the disadvantaged adolescent in India and Thailand in the future as: all schools should develop textbooks making learning interesting by following extensive community sensitization in support of adolescent reproductive health education appropriate in Indian and Thai cultural and tradition. Because of Indian and Thai culture and tradition, adolescents kept learning by them long time ago that, made them grow up in the wrong life and have been against morality.

Indian and Thai adolescent problems erupt from families and by themselves after they have been sexually abused or because their families could not understand adolescent behavior and teach them about reproductive health education and sexual health education. Such as should improve in knowledge and attitude among school-going adolescents with the media modern of families. In addition, it was found that sexually abused violated in Indian and Thai adolescents should learn and practice self-protection and should gather knowledge of the Child Rights and much more.

India disadvantaged adolescents

1. Indian disadvantaged adolescents are neglected from home, school and there country of the knowledge. They tend to undeveloped of the confidents and very poorly of the knowledge, attitude about Reproductive Health, drug and HIV/AIDS. Thus as, should to improve and increase and learn the knowledge attitude and understanding of disadvantaged adolescents

2. In India, the responsible organizations both governmental and non-governmental of India have to develop policies for adolescent and should to include HIV/AIDS education and health programme in schools curriculums. In addition, those reproductive health educational services for adolescent girls are especially needed in schools and families.

3. Parents, families, teachers and administrators in orphanages or schools should be encouraged to discuss or give guidance and approval about reproductive health education, drug and HIV/AIDS with their disadvantaged adolescent.

Thailand disadvantaged adolescents

1. Should to improve and increase the knowledge attitude and understanding of disadvantaged adolescents in Northern about reproductive health education and sexual health education.

2. Especially, in Northern, Thailand having spread of higher Drug and HIV/AIDS, thus as should to teach or train to get about the knowledge attitude and understanding of reproductive health to adolescents and parents more then other.

3. The reproductive and sexual health education should be included in the curriculum for the second level â?? primary education (Grades 4-6), Third level â?? secondary education (Grades 1-3) and Fourth level â?? secondary education (Grades 4-6). It is too late to start from Third level â?? secondary education (Grades 1-3) in Thailand thus; the Ministry of Education has to prepare a new policy to put this subject at the Basic Education Curriculum Standard as soon as possible.

4. It appears that in Thailand media has caused a change in sex related values among adolescents. With the misuse of Internet in getting information on sex related issue supplemented by the use of Cell phone, TV, VCD, DVD and booklets is increasing Crime problems of sexually abused. Thus, the qualities of the textbooks or booklets to be distributed to the adolescents.

TABLE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I thank to Dr. Y. N. Sridhar, Guide of Research for me. I would like too many helpful and thank the following students, Mr. Kasame Sakonllapap, Mr. Santi Jongkongka, Mr. Prasarn Ruansang and people for their supported. I thankfulness to Father Carlo Luzzi, Mother Elisa Cavana, Father Niphot Thiengwiharn and my family, for contributing to this study by providing funding.

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